Formed in the supernova explosions of massive stars, neutron stars are compact remnants that exhibit extreme gravity, ultra-high densities, fast rotation, and strong magnetic fields. Such conditions cannot be recreated on Earth, making neutron stars fantastic cosmic laboratories to study matter in extreme environments.
Although their interiors are hundreds of millions of degrees hot, neutron stars are extremely cold relative to their enormous densities; cold enough to host macroscopic quantum condensates. Just like superfluid helium and superconductors on Earth, neutrons in the stellar interior become superfluid and protons superconducting, and both condensates are threaded by vast numbers of tiny quantum tornadoes, so-called vortices. Superfluid neutron vortices control the star’s rotation, while superconducting proton fluxtubes shape its large-scale magnetism. Pulsar glitches, sudden spin-ups that interrupt the otherwise clock-like rotation of radio pulsars, given us a powerful window into the dynamics of neutron vortices. The macroscopic manifestation of superconducting fluxtubes, however, remains far more elusive and is one of the big open puzzles in neutron star physics.
Royal Holloway’s neutron star theory group plays a leading role in uncovering how the physics of neutron star interiors shapes observable quantities. We combine astronomy, condensed-matter physics, nuclear physics, fluid dynamics and computer science, using techniques ranging from mesoscopic vortex simulations and computational fluid dynamics to machine learning emulators and simulation-based inference.
We invite applicants to apply for a competitively funded position in our group. The successful applicant will explore the superconducting side of neutron star dynamics: studying the properties of the superconducting phase, testing whether fluxtubes form the regular lattices often assumed or more exotic distributions, and modelling how they interact with neutron vortices. By mapping these interactions onto large-scale models of the star, the project will ask whether their impact can be probed on observable scales. The project combines neutron star astrophysics with condensed-matter and nuclear physics, and ultimately connects to astronomical observations. The successful candidate will also join a vibrant network of international collaborators.
We welcome applications from all qualified applicants. However, applications are particularly encouraged from traditionally underrepresented groups in science. The Department of Physics at Royal Holloway holds an Athena SWAN silver award, and the University is an Institute of Physics Project Juno Champion. The award demonstrates that actions have been taken to address gender equality at all levels and to foster a more inclusive and equitable working environment.
The application deadline for this position is 30/01/2027.
Visit our website to learn more about research degree (PhD) opportunities at Royal Holloway, University of London.
